Definition. Enriched rational objects and relative precision [fdip-0041]

The arithmetic family has both a quadratic form and an operator relative to a specified pairing. To separate the information they retain, an enriched rational object consists of data \[\mathcal B=(V,g_0,q,m^2,V_{\mathrm {ret}},V_{\mathrm {el}}).\] Here \(V\) has dimension \(4\) over \(\mathbb Q\), \(g_0\) is a rational positive definite symmetric pairing, and \(q\) is a rational quadratic form whose half-polar pairing \[b_q(v,w)=\frac {q(v+w)-q(v)-q(w)}2\] is positive definite after extension to \(\mathbb R\). Fix \(m^2\in \mathbb Q_{>0}\) and a \(g_0\)-orthogonal splitting \(V=V_{\mathrm {ret}}\perp V_{\mathrm {el}}\) into two-dimensional summands. This is a rational linear analogue of the supplied pairing, mass and splitting in the enriched background data; no graph realization is assumed. These are additional data, not consequences of \(q\).

The relative precision is the unique operator \(Q:V\to V\) satisfying \[g_0(v,Qw)=b_q(v,w).\] It is the relative operator for these two pairings: rational, \(g_0\)-self-adjoint and positive definite. Define \[\begin {aligned} L_{\mathrm {rel}}&=Q-m^2I,\\ R(\mathcal B)&=\frac {\operatorname {tr}(L_{\mathrm {rel}}^2)} {\bigl (\operatorname {tr}L_{\mathrm {rel}}\bigr )^2}. \end {aligned}\] Restrict these objects to \(L_{\mathrm {rel}}\geq 0\) and \(\operatorname {tr}L_{\mathrm {rel}}\ne 0\). This is the trace ratio on its stated domain. The real Gaussian uses action \(q/2\), the volume induced by \(g_0\), and the normalized law \(\mu _Q\). Neither the factor \(1/2\) in the action nor the reference volume changes the convention \(\iota _q(v)^2=q(v)1\) of the configuration Clifford algebra.

An arrow \(T:\mathcal B\to \mathcal B'\) is a rational linear isomorphism preserving \(g_0,q,m^2\) and carrying each specified summand to its namesake. Preservation of the two pairings gives \(g'_0(Tv,Q'Tw)=g'_0(Tv,TQw)\) for all \(v,w\), whence \[Q'T=TQ,\qquad L'_{\mathrm {rel}}T=TL_{\mathrm {rel}}.\] Trace conjugacy proves \(R(\mathcal B')=R(\mathcal B)\). Identity, inverse and composition preserve these conditions, so the objects and arrows form a groupoid.