Theorem. Kostant's primitive Clifford factorization [fcap-003S]
AGENTDRAFTED
With \(P,Q_P\) as in Theorem [fcap-003R], put
\(A=\mathcal {C}\kern -2pt\ell (Q_\kappa )\) and \(J=A^{\mathfrak g}\) for the commutator
invariants of Theorem [fcap-003P]. Let
\(q:\bigwedge \mathfrak g\to A\) be antisymmetrization. Then
\(p\mapsto q(p)\) extends to an isomorphism of complex superalgebras
\[\mathcal {C}\kern -2pt\ell (Q_P)\xrightarrow {\sim }J.\]
Consequently multiplication gives
\[\operatorname {End}(V_\rho )\otimes \mathcal {C}\kern -2pt\ell (Q_P)
\xrightarrow {\sim }\mathcal {C}\kern -2pt\ell (Q_\kappa ).\]
The endomorphism factor is purely even. Thus the displayed tensor
product has the ordinary multiplication as well as the superalgebra
interpretation. The proof below establishes the Clifford relation
and generation separately.
We use the Lie-homology Hodge decomposition
\[\bigwedge \mathfrak g
=I\oplus \operatorname {im}d\oplus \operatorname {im}\partial
=I\oplus (\mathfrak g\mathbin {\cdot }\bigwedge \mathfrak g),\]
orthogonal for \(B_\wedge \). Here \(\partial \) is the Lie-homology
boundary and \(d\) is the cohomology differential transported by
\(\kappa \). The needed contraction identities are
\[\iota _{\operatorname {im}d}I\subseteq \operatorname {im}\partial ,
\qquad
\iota _{\operatorname {im}\partial }I\subseteq \operatorname {im}d,\]
\[\ker \partial \wedge \operatorname {im}\partial
\subseteq \mathfrak g\mathbin {\cdot }\bigwedge \mathfrak g.\]
Proposition 10.8 and Lemmas 10.4--10.5 of
[meinrenken2013clifford, pp. 238--239]
give these identities.
Changing the compact form's sign multiplies contractions and the
transported differential by degreewise nonzero scalars, so the
displayed ranges and identities also hold for \(\kappa \).
Choose a homogeneous basis \(\tau _a\) of the exterior algebra
adapted to the three Hodge summands, and its \(B_\wedge \)-dual basis
\(\tau ^a\). For odd \(p\in P\) and \(q'\in P\), the Clifford
product formula is
\[q^{-1}(q(p)q(q'))=
\sum _a\iota _{\tau _a}p\wedge \iota _{\tau ^a}q'.\]
This is the contraction expansion in
[meinrenken2013clifford, equation (11.10), p. 260]; using the
\(B_\wedge \)-dual basis incorporates the reversion signs. Terms
indexed by \(\operatorname {im}d\) lie in
\(\mathfrak g\mathbin {\cdot }\bigwedge \mathfrak g\) by the two
contraction identities and the boundary-product identity. Terms
indexed by \(\operatorname {im}\partial \) lie in
\(\operatorname {im}d\), because \(d\) is a derivation and the wedge
product of two exact elements is exact. Their combined sum is zero:
the full product and the terms indexed by \(I\) are invariant,
whereas the remaining terms lie in the complementary Hodge summand.
Take a homogeneous basis \(p_1,\ldots ,p_\ell \) of \(P\) and its
\(B_\wedge \)-dual basis \(p^1,\ldots ,p^\ell \). The HKS monomials
give a basis of \(I\). Repeated primitive contractions of a primitive
vanish after the first contraction, which is already scalar.
Moreover, \(\mathbb C\oplus P\oplus (I^+)^2\) is orthogonal, so
the dual vectors belonging to the single primitives are \(p^i\).
Only the constant monomial and the single primitives survive in
the preceding sum. Hence
\[q^{-1}(q(p)q(q'))
=p\wedge q'+\sum _i B_\wedge (p_i,p)B_\wedge (p^i,q')
=p\wedge q'+B_\wedge (p,q').\]
Both primitives are odd, so swapping them cancels their wedge
products and yields
\[q(p)q(q')+q(q')q(p)=2B_\wedge (p,q').\]
This is Kostant's primitive Clifford relation in the fixed sign
convention; see
[meinrenken2013clifford, Theorem 11.6 and equation (11.13), pp. 260--261]
and [kostant1997clifford, Theorem 35, pp. 306--308].
The universal property now gives a homomorphism
\(\mathcal {C}\kern -2pt\ell (Q_P)\to J\). To prove generation, order the HKS monomials
by their total exterior degree. The product
\(q(p_{i_1})\cdots q(p_{i_s})\) has leading exterior term
\(p_{i_1}\wedge \cdots \wedge p_{i_s}\) under \(q^{-1}\); its other
terms have lower degree, by the Clifford filtration. They are
invariant, hence linear combinations of lower-degree HKS monomials.
Induction therefore puts every \(q(p_{i_1}\wedge \cdots \wedge p_{i_s})\)
in the generated algebra. This proves surjectivity. Both algebras
have dimension \(2^\ell \), so the map is an isomorphism. It
preserves parity, since all elements of \(P\) have odd degree.
Finally, substitute this identification of \(J\) in the
multiplication isomorphism of Theorem [fcap-003P]. This yields the
claimed factorization, also displayed in
[meinrenken2013clifford, equation (11.14), p. 262].
For \(\mathfrak {sl}_2\), \(P\) has dimension one in exterior degree
three. As an ordinary algebra, its nondegenerate complex Clifford
algebra is \(\mathbb C\oplus \mathbb C\); the underlying ordinary
algebra factorization becomes
\(M_2(\mathbb C)\oplus M_2(\mathbb C)\), in agreement with
Remark [fcap-003Q]. The primitive relation, HKS argument, and
factorization here are mathematical proofs without a packaged
formal theorem.