Theorem. Spatial implementation of the factor equivalence [connes-0007]

The group von Neumann algebra \(L(G)\) is represented on \(\ell ^2(G)\) as the von Neumann closure of the left regular operators. Its canonical trace is the vacuum coefficient at \(\delta _e\). Consequently a unitary \(U:\ell ^2(G)\simeq \ell ^2(H)\) gives the required tracial equivalence once two facts are proved: conjugation by \(U\) carries one closed operator algebra onto the other, and \(U\delta _e=\delta _e\).

These are precisely the fields of Connes.FactorWitness.SpatialWitness.

The theorem Connes.FactorWitness.tracialEquiv_of_spatialWitness restricts unitary conjugation to the two group von Neumann algebras. Connes.StarAlgEquiv.isNormal records the automatic preservation of projection suprema by the induced star-algebra equivalence and its inverse. The equation \(U\delta _e=\delta _e\) proves preservation of the canonical trace. Neither property is supplied as an extra assumption.

For Zhou's groups, the concrete unitary composes the two Fourier models with the fiber shear. The measure-transport and von Neumann closure obligations are separated in § [connes-000D] and § [connes-000E]. Together they construct Connes.PaperFactorClosure.paperSpatialUnitary, Connes.PaperFactorClosure.paperSpatialWitness, and Connes.PaperFactorClosure.paperGroupFactors_isomorphic. This is the \(*\)-isomorphism asserted in [zhou2026icc, Proposition 3.4]; the Lean statement also records its projection-supremum preservation and preservation of the canonical trace.