Theorem. Finite-window representational obstruction [ftip-00JR]

Consider a causal system whose state after each prefix has at most \(K\) distinct values, and a task with \(K+1\) prefixes requiring pairwise distinct continuation labels. By the pigeonhole principle two prefixes share a state, so at least one continuation label is wrong. This is a finite toy obstruction only; it does not bound a concrete Transformer or KDA instance without a proved reduction to this state model.