Remark. Terminal and intermediate supervision [lightman2023verify, Sections 2.5--2.6] [ftip-003Y]

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Outcome supervision uses one completed-response label, whereas process supervision supplies labels at declared intermediate steps. The latter can localize feedback, but it also requires a segmentation, a step-labeling criterion, and additional annotations.

Neither label type is automatically causal credit. A process label may be assigned after a reviewer has seen the whole response, and a terminal outcome may be predicted reliably from an early prefix without identifying which action should change.